Growth and biochemical responses of red chili (Capsicum annuum L) under drought conditions with 6-Benzylaminopurine application
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Abstract
The purpose of this research is to assess how red chili plants (Capsicum annuum L.) develop and react biochemically to drought stress, as well as how cytokinin treatment affects these plants. The study employed a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with three replications and two components, namely the degree of drought with three stages, comprising: K1 has an 80% soil water content, K2 has a 60% soil water content, K3 has a 40% soil water content, and S0, S1, S2, and S3 have 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, and 30 ppm of 6-benzylaminopurine concentration, respectively. Plant height, leaf count, root length, flowering age, total and aqueous chlorophyll content, activity of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase and peroxide dismutase), and hydrogen peroxide as a signal for plant molecules against dehydration stress are among the parameters assessed. The findings demonstrated that red chili plants under drought stress experienced slower growth, as seen by a reduction in height and leaf count as well as earlier flowering. However, by raising plant height, leaf count, and chlorophyll levels (a, b, and total), cytokinin treatment was able to lessen the deleterious impacts of drought. When treated with 10 ppm 6-Benzylaminopurine, the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxide dismutase, and hydrogen peroxide increased, but at other dosages, it tended to decrease, suggesting a slight but noticeable increase in plant defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. Therefore, giving red chili plants 10 parts per million of cytokinin may be a useful tactic for enhancing their resistance to drought stress.
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How to Cite
Sihotang, T., Siregar, L. A. M., & Rahmawati, N. (2024). Growth and biochemical responses of red chili (Capsicum annuum L) under drought conditions with 6-Benzylaminopurine application. International Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 13(2), 61–73. https://doi.org/10.35335/ijobas.v13i2.404
References
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M. C. Mok, “Cytokinins and plant development—an overview,” Cytokinins, pp. 155–166, 2019.
L. Roef and H. Van Onckelen, “Cytokinin Regulation of the Cell Division Cycle BT - Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action!,” P. J. Davies, Ed. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010, pp. 241–261. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2686-7_12.
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Y. L. Sang, Z. J. Cheng, and X. S. Zhang, “Plant stem cells and de novo organogenesis,” New Phytol., vol. 218, no. 4, pp. 1334–1339, 2018.
O. Haridjaja, D. P. T. Baskoro, and M. Setianingsih, “PERBEDAAN NILAI KADAR AIR KAPASITAS LAPANG BERDASARKAN METODE ALHRICKS, DRAINASE BEBAS, DAN PRESSURE PLATE PADA BERBAGAI TEKSTUR TANAH DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PERTUMBUHAN BUNGA MATAHARI (Helianthus annuus L.),” J. Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkung., vol. 15, no. 2, p. 52, 2013, doi: 10.29244/jitl.15.2.52-59.
A. Muharam and N. Sumarni, “Panduan Teknis Budidaya Tanaman Cabai Merah,” Balittanah. Litbang. Deptan, 2005.
J. Wintermans and A. De Mots, “Spectrophotometric characteristics of chlorophylls a and b and their phenophytins in ethanol,” Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Biophysics Incl. Photosynth., vol. 109, no. 2, pp. 448–453, 1965.
I. Sergiev, V. Alexieva, and E. Karanov, “Effect of spermine, atrazine and combination between them on some endogenous protective systems and stress markers in plants,” Compt Rend Acad Bulg Sci, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 121–124, 1997.
M. Hasanuzzaman, M. Zhou, and S. Shabala, “How Does Stomatal Density and Residual Transpiration Contribute to Osmotic Stress Tolerance?,” Plants, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1–19, 2023, doi: 10.3390/plants12030494.
A. Hemati, E. Moghiseh, A. Amirifar, M. Mofidi-Chelan, and B. Asgari Lajayer, “Physiological Effects of Drought Stress in Plants BT - Plant Stress Mitigators: Action and Application,” A. Vaishnav, S. S. Arya, and D. K. Choudhary, Eds. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022, pp. 113–124. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-7759-5_6.
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J. Stevens, M. Faralli, S. Wall, J. D. Stamford, and T. Lawson, “Chapter 2 Stomatal Responses to Climate Change,” pp. 17–47, 2021, doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-64926-5_2.
J. Liu, M. Knapp, M. Jo, Z. Dill, and J. Bridwell-Rabb, “Rieske oxygenase catalyzed C–H bond functionalization reactions in chlorophyll b biosynthesis,” ACS Cent. Sci., vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1393–1403, 2022.
K. Bogati and M. Walczak, “The impact of drought stress on soil microbial community, enzyme activities and plants,” Agronomy, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 189, 2022.
S. A. Nio, M. Pirade, and D. P. M. Ludong, “Leaf chlorophyll content in North Sulawesi (Indonesia) local rice cultivars subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000-induced water deficit at the vegetative phase,” Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers., vol. 20, no. 9, 2019.
M. C. Dias, S. Correia, J. Serôdio, A. M. S. Silva, H. Freitas, and C. Santos, “Chlorophyll fluorescence and oxidative stress endpoints to discriminate olive cultivars tolerance to drought and heat episodes,” Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam)., vol. 231, pp. 31–35, 2018.
A. Semerci, H. Semerci, B. Çalişkan, N. Cicek, Y. Ekmekçi, and M. Mencuccini, “Morphological and physiological responses to drought stress of European provenances of Scots pine,” Eur. J. For. Res., vol. 136, pp. 91–104, 2017.
V. K. Dalal and B. C. Tripathy, “Modulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis by water stress in rice seedlings during chloroplast biogenesis,” Plant. Cell Environ., vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 1685–1703, 2012.
S. M. Impa, S. Nadaradjan, and S. V. K. Jagadish, “Drought stress induced reactive oxygen species and anti-oxidants in plants,” Abiotic Stress responses plants Metab. Product. Sustain., pp. 131–147, 2012.
S. K. Kohli, K. Khanna, R. Bhardwaj, E. F. Abd_Allah, P. Ahmad, and F. J. Corpas, “Assessment of subcellular ROS and NO metabolism in higher plants: multifunctional signaling molecules,” Antioxidants, vol. 8, no. 12, p. 641, 2019.
A. Singh, A. Kumar, S. Yadav, and I. K. Singh, “Reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling during abiotic stress,” Plant gene, vol. 18, p. 100173, 2019.
L. Behera, S. S. Sharma, and K. Ch, “Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Develop-ment and Its De-tection Assays,” Res. Today, vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 789–791, 2020.
A. Tabarzad, B. Ayoubi, M. Riasat, A. Saed-Moucheshi, and M. Pessarakli, “Perusing biochemical antioxidant enzymes as selection criteria under drought stress in wheat varieties,” J. Plant Nutr., vol. 40, no. 17, pp. 2413–2420, 2017.
M. Jariteh, H. Ebrahimzadeh, V. Niknam, M. Mirmasoumi, and K. Vahdati, “Developmental changes of protein, proline and some antioxidant enzymes activities in somatic and zygotic embryos of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.),” Plant Cell, Tissue Organ Cult., vol. 122, pp. 101–115, 2015.
E. Shakeri, A. A. Mozafari, F. Sohrabi, and A. Saed-Moucheshi, “Role of proline and other osmoregulatory compounds in plant responses to abiotic stresses,” in Handbook of plant and crop stress, fourth edition, CRC press, 2019, pp. 165–173.
F. Khodadadi et al., “Induction of polyphenol oxidase in walnut and its relationship to the pathogenic response to bacterial blight,” J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., vol. 141, no. 2, pp. 119–124, 2016.
A. Saed-Moucheshi, A. Shekoofa, and M. Pessarakli, “Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and detoxifying in plants,” J. Plant Nutr., vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 1573–1585, 2014.
U. Schuppler, P. H. He, P. C. L. John, and R. Munns, “Effect of water stress on cell division and cell-division-cycle 2-like cell-cycle kinase activity in wheat leaves,” Plant Physiol., vol. 117, no. 2, pp. 667–678, 1998, doi: 10.1104/pp.117.2.667.
T. Ismandari, Sink Source Relationship dalam Tanaman. Syiah Kuala University Press, 2021.
N. Ngoc., N. N. Chuong, N. H. C. Tu, A. Kisiala, X. L. T. Hoang, and N. P. Thao, “Role and regulation of cytokinins in plant response to drought stress,” Plants, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 422, 2020.
M. H. Chachar, N. A. Chachar, Q. Chachar, S. M. Mujtaba, S. Chachar, and Z. Chachar, “Physiological characterization of six wheat genotypes for drought tolerance,” Int. J. Res., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 184–196, 2016.
M. R. Poudel, S. Ghimire, M. P. Pandey, K. H. Dhakal, D. B. Thapa, and H. K. Poudel, “Evaluation of wheat genotypes under irrigated, heat stress and drought conditions,” J. Biol. Today’s World, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2020.
A. Salam, A. Ali, M. S. Afridi, S. Ali, and Z. Ullah, “Agrobiodiversity: Effect of drought stress on the eco-physiology and morphology of wheat,” in Biodiversity, Conservation and Sustainability in Asia: Volume 2: Prospects and Challenges in South and Middle Asia, Springer, 2022, pp. 597–618.
I. M. El-Metwally, H. S. Saudy, and M. T. Abdelhamid, “Efficacy of benzyladenine for compensating the reduction in soybean productivity under low water supply,” Ital J Agrometeorol, vol. 2, pp. 81–90, 2021.
A. C. Bharati, B. Prasad, S. Mallick, D. S. Masram, A. Kumar, and G. K. Saxena, “Animal and plant hormone,” in Handbook of Biomolecules, Elsevier, 2023, pp. 151–175.
USAID, “Food Security in an Era of Decentralization : Historical Lessons and Policy Implications for Indonesia,” no. Working Paper No. 7, 2002.
R. ROSMAINA and D. ARYANI, “Optimasi NAA dan BAP terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tunas mikro tanaman kantong semar (Nepenthes mirabilis) secara in vitro,” J. Agroteknologi, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 29–38, 2015.
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