Ende natural zeolite as a catalyst in the biodiesel production from nyamplung oil
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Published:
Sep 30, 2023
Keywords:
Esterification, HCl activation, Nyamplung biodiesel, Sustainable energy, Zeolite catalyst
Section
Chemistry
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Abstract
Fuel use as a primary energy source is increasing daily, and the reserves of these natural resources are diminishing quickly. Different studies have been performed to see the potential use of the seeds of the Nyamplung plant (Chalophyllum inophyllum L.) as biodiesel. To produce biodiesel from Nyamplung oil, a catalyst, such as zeolite, is often required to speed up the reaction, save energy use, and increase the quantity and quality of the biodiesel. There is a high variation in terms of natural zeolite’s catalytic activity, depending on the location where the zeolite was formed in the past. The objectives of this study were to characterize and understand the Ende natural zeolite, before and after activation, and to see the catalytic activity of the HCl-activated zeolite in the production of biodiesel from Nyamplung oil. When zeolite was used as a catalyst, optimum effects on the esterification were observed at 700 rpm stirring speed with a reaction time of 15 minutes. These conditions optimally converted 100% of Nyemplung oil into biodiesel.
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How to Cite
Bani, G. A., & Bani, M. D. (2023). Ende natural zeolite as a catalyst in the biodiesel production from nyamplung oil. International Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 12(2), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.35335/ijobas.v12i2.250
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H. Juwono, Triyono, Sutarno, E. Triwahyuni, I. Ulfin, and F. Kurniawan, “1 production of biodiesel from seed oil of nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) by AL-MCM-41 and its performance in diesel engine,” Indones. J. Chem., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 316–321, 2017, doi: 10.22146/ijc.24180.
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I. M. Rizwanul Fattah et al., “State of the Art of Catalysts for Biodiesel Production,” Front. Energy Res., vol. 8, no. June, pp. 1–17, 2020, doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2020.00101.
Hartati et al., “Highly selective hierarchical ZSM-5 from kaolin for catalytic cracking of Calophyllum inophyllum oil to biofuel,” J. Energy Inst., vol. 93, no. 6, pp. 2238–2246, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2020.06.006.
Q. Zhang et al., “Immobilizing ni (II)-exchanged heteropolyacids on silica as catalysts for acid-catalyzed esterification reactions,” Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng., vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 21–27, 2020, doi: 10.3311/PPch.14788.
B. H. Harahap, H. Z. Abidin, H. Utoyo, D. Djumhana, and R. Yuniarni, “Prospect of Mineral Deposits in the Central Flores Island, Eastern Indonesia Prospek Cebakan Mineral Di Pulau Flores Bagian Tengah, Indonesia Timur,” J. Geol. dan Sumberd. Miner., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1–13, 2015.
L. Velarde, M. Sadegh, E. Escalera, M. Antti, and F. Akhtar, “Adsorption of heavy metals on natural zeolites : A review,” Chemosphere, vol. 328, no. February, p. 138508, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138508.
Donatus Setyawan Purwo Handoko, “Effect of Acid Treatment on the Opening of Catalyst Pores,” J. Multidisiplin Madani, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 576–590, 2023, doi: 10.55927/mudima.v3i3.2453.
I. Aziz, E. A. F. Ardine, N. Saridewi, and L. Adhani, “Catalytic Cracking of Crude Biodiesel into Biohydrocarbon Using Natural Zeolite Impregnated Nickel Oxide Catalyst,” J. Kim. Sains dan Apl., vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 222–227, 2021, doi: 10.14710/jksa.24.7.222-227.
Yustira, Y., Usman, T. and Wahyuni, N. (2015) ‘Sintesis Katalis Sn/Zeolit Dan Uji Aktivasi Pada Reaksi Esterifikasi Limbah Minyak Kelapa Sawit (Palm Sludge Oil)’, JKK Journal, 4(1), pp. 58–66.
D. Kartika and S. Widyaningsih, “Konsentrasi Katalis dan Suhu Optimum pada Reaksi Esterifikasi menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam Aktif (ZAH) dalam Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah,” J. Natur Indones., vol. 14, no. 3, p. 219, 2013, doi: 10.31258/jnat.14.3.219-226.
Nuryoto, H. Sulistyo, and I. P. Sediawan, Wahyudi Budi, “Modifikasi Zeolit Alam Mordenit Sebagai Katalisator Ketalisasi dan Esterifikasi,” Reaktor, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 72–80, 2016.
M. Hakiki, M. Makiyi, Nuryoto, Rahmayetty, I. Kustiningsih, and T. Kurniawan, “The Effect of Mine Locations of Bayah Natural Zeolites on Ammonium Adsorption: A Kinetic and Equilibrium Study,” J. Teknol. Lingkung., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 18–28, 2021.
A. S. Nizami et al., “The potential of Saudi Arabian natural zeolites in energy recovery technologies,” Energy, vol. 108, pp. 162–171, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.07.030.
M. T. Adiwibowo, I. Kustiningsih, and A. B. Pitaloka, “The Effect Of Uv Light On The Yield And Characteristics Of Biodiesel From Candlenut Oil Using A Tio2-K2o/Natural Zeolite Composite,” J. Integr. Proses, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 33–37, 2023.
C. Florez, O. Restrepo-Baena, and J. I. Tobon, “Effects of calcination and milling pre-treatments on natural zeolites as a supplementary cementitious material,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 310, p. 125220, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125220.
M. T. Razzak, T. Las, and P. Priyambodo, “The Characterization of Indonesian’s Natural Zeolite For Water Filtration System,” J. Kim. Val., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 129–137, 2013, doi: 10.15408/jkv.v3i2.518.
S. Whitaker et al., “Fluoride Adsorption Capacity of Composites Based on Chitosan-Zeolite-Algae Evaluaci´Onevaluaci´ Evaluaci´on De La Capacidad De Adsorci´Onadsorci´ Adsorci´on De Fluoruro En Compositos a Base De Quitosano-Zeolita-Alga Marina,” vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 139–147, 2016, [Online]. Available: www.rmiq.org
A. Rochmat, A. H. Nurhanifah, Y. Parviana, and S. Suaedah, “Biolubrication Synthesis Made from Used Cooking Oil and Bayah Natural Zeolite Catalyst,” J. Kim. Sains dan Apl., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 113–117, 2018, doi: 10.14710/jksa.21.3.113-117.
L. Nurliana, L. O. Kadidae, S. Sunarti, and R. Musta, “Characterization of Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) from Mahagony (Swietenia macrophylla King) with Variations in H2SO4 Concentration and Sulfonation Duration,” ALCHEMY J. Penelit. Kim., vol. 17, no. 2, p. 192, 2021, doi: 10.20961/alchemy.17.2.51613.192-201.
A. Dziedzicka, B. Sulikowski, and M. Ruggiero-Mikołajczyk, “Catalytic and physicochemical properties of modified natural clinoptilolite,” Catal. Today, vol. 259, pp. 50–58, 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.04.039.
J. Philia, W. Widayat, S. Sulardjaka, G. A. Nugroho, and A. N. Darydzaki, “Aluminum-based activation of natural zeolite for glycerol steam reforming,” Results Eng., vol. 19, no. June, p. 101247, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101247.
A. Islam, Y. H. Taufiq-Yap, C.-M. Chu, E.-S. Chan, and P. Ravindra, “Studies on design of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production,” Process Saf. Environ. Prot., vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 131–144, 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2012.01.002.
R. M. Rezki and A. Haetami, “Biodiesel Of The Transesterification Product Of Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Oil From Kendari Using Methanol Solution Biodiesel Hasil Transesterifikasi Minyak Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) Dengan Metanol,” J. Chem. Res, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 394–401, 2017.
A. Astam, L. Nurliana, and L. O. Kadidae, “Sintesis Metil Ester Nitrat dari Minyak Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L),” Hydrog. J. Kependidikan Kim., vol. 7, no. 2, p. 82, 2020, doi: 10.33394/hjkk.v7i2.1927.
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