This issue (Vole 12 Issue 1 June 2023) has been available online since June 2023. All articles in this issue were authored/co-authored by 18 authors from 5 countries (Nigeria, India, Cameroon, USA, and Indonesia).

Articles published in International Journal of Basic and Applied Science are those that have been reviewed by Peer-Reviewers. The decision to accept a scientific article in this journal is the right of the Board of Editors based on recommendations from the Peer-Reviewers.

Warm greetings,

Editor-in-Chief