Isolation and Phytochemical Testing of Endophytic Fungi from Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv plants.
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Published:
Sep 30, 2023
Keywords:
Endophytic Fungi, Imperata cylindrica, Phytochemicals
Section
Biological Science and Engineering
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Abstract
High drug prices and increasing antibiotic resistance have prompted exploration of natural resources as a source of new antibiotics. The Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. plant is one of the plants used in traditional medicine. Secondary metabolites as bioactive compounds in plants can be obtained through endophytic fungi without having to extract them from plants. Secondary metabolites produced by endophytic fungi can function as raw materials for medicines. This research aims to isolate endophytic fungi and test phytochemicals from Imperata plants to determine the type of secondary metabolites produced. The methods used in this research include isolation and purification of endophytic fungi, identification of endophytic fungi, production of secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi, and screening of phytochemicals resulting from endophytic fungi fermentation. The isolation results showed that there were 7 isolates of endophytic fungi, consisting of 1 isolate from the flower, 3 isolates from the stem, and 3 isolates from the roots. Identification of endophytic fungus using macroscopic and microscopic observations including the genera Fusarium sp., Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp., Phytophthora sp. The results of the phytochemical test for endophytic fungi showed that the secondary metabolites produced were flavonoid and saponin compounds. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the endophytic fungi of the Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. plant produces secondary metabolites which have the potential to be developed as medicinal raw material compounds.
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How to Cite
Jamilatun, M. (2023). Isolation and Phytochemical Testing of Endophytic Fungi from Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv plants. International Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 12(2), 62–71. https://doi.org/10.35335/ijobas.v12i2.255
References
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P. Jha et al., “Endophytic fungi: hidden treasure chest of antimicrobial metabolites interrelationship of endophytes and metabolites,” Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 14. 2023, doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1227830.
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C. E. Ezeobiora, N. H. Igbokwe, D. H. Amin, and U. E. Mendie, “Endophytic microbes from Nigerian ethnomedicinal plants: a potential source for bioactive secondary metabolites—a review,” Bull. Natl. Res. Cent., vol. 45, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1186/s42269-021-00561-7.
J. B. A. dos Reis, A. S. Lorenzi, and H. M. M. do Vale, “Methods used for the study of endophytic fungi: a review on methodologies and challenges, and associated tips,” Archives of Microbiology, vol. 204, no. 11. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s00203-022-03283-0.
D. C. Fontana et al., “Endophytic fungi: Biological control and induced resistance to phytopathogens and abiotic stresses,” Pathogens, vol. 10, no. 5, 2021, doi: 10.3390/pathogens10050570.
M. M. S. Samapti et al., “Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Syzygium cumini Linn and Investigation of Their Pharmacological Activities,” Sci. World J., vol. 2022, 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/9529665.
M. Hasan Basri, L. Zulkifli, and A. Syukur, “Isolation of Endophytic Fungi from Vitex trifolia L and Antagonism Test against Sclerotium rolfsii and pathogenic bacteria,” J. Biol. Trop., vol. 21, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.29303/jbt.v21i1.2340.
S. Anam, A. Syamsidi, M. Musyahidah, N. Ambianti, A. Widodo, and M. S. Zubair, “Isolation of endophytic fungi from benalu batu (Begonia Medicinalis) and their toxicity on Artemia Salina,” J. Ilm. Farm., 2022, doi: 10.20885/jif.specialissue2022.art3.
Z. Zulkarnain, E. Wijayanti, U. Fitriani, and A. Triyono, “Studi Literatur untuk Memperoleh Dasar Ilmiah Penggunaan Akar Alang-alang sebagai Ramuan Jamu untuk Penyembuhan Beberapa Penyakit di Rumah Riset Jamu Hortus Medicus,” Media Penelit. dan Pengemb. Kesehat., vol. 29, no. 4, 2020, doi: 10.22435/mpk.v29i4.2105.
Y. K. Jung and D. Shin, “Imperata cylindrica: A review of phytochemistry, pharmacology, and industrial applications,” Molecules, vol. 26, no. 5, 2021, doi: 10.3390/molecules26051454.
D. Dhianawaty, R. Ruslin, M. R. A. A. Syamsunarno, and H. Haminah, “Kandungan Total Flavonoid Dari Ekstrak Metanol Akar Imperata cylindrical (L) Beauv. (Alang-alang),” Talent. Conf. Ser. Trop. Med., vol. 1, no. 3, 2018, doi: 10.32734/tm.v1i3.256.
M. Jamilatun and S. Shufiyani, “Isolasi dan Identifikasi Kapang Endofit dari Tanaman Alang-Alang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) BEAUV.),” J. Med. (Media Inf. Kesehatan), vol. 6, no. 1, 2019, doi: 10.36743/medikes.v6i1.92.
W. S. Abdulkadir, M. S. Pakaya, and F. N. Ramadhani, “Analisis Kualitatif Metabolit Sekunder dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Jamur Endofit Cangkang Bulu Babi ( Diadema setosum ),” vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 280–290, 2023, doi: 10.37311/ijpe.v3i1.18063.
W. A. Mahardhika, M. G. Isworo Rukmi, and S. Pujiyanto, “Isolasi kapang endofit dari tanaman ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) danpotensi antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus,” NICHE J. Trop. Biol., vol. 4, no. 1, 2021.
I. Sulistyarini, D. A. Sari, and T. A. Wicaksono, “Skrining Fitokimia Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Batang Buah Naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus),” J. Ilm. Cendekia Eksakta, pp. 56–62, 2019.
D. Devi, A. Anggraeni, and T. Wahyuni, “Isolasi Kapang Endofit Pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff.) yang Berpotensi Sebagai Antibakteri Terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus,” Al-Kauniyah J. Biol., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 195–206, 2021, doi: 10.15408/kauniyah.v14i2.14051.
B. Alam et al., “Endophytic Fungi: From Symbiosis to Secondary Metabolite Communications or Vice Versa?,” Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 12. 2021, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.791033.
T. S. Julianto, Fitokimia Tinjauan Metabolit Sekunder dan Skrining fitokimia, vol. 53, no. 9. 2019.
B. Ma’arif, A. Mahardiani, and D. M. Mirza, “Fitokimia dan Aplikasinya,” Penerbit Sintesa Books, pp. 12–26, 2021.
X. Y. Zhang et al., “Separating and Purifying of Endophytic Fungi from Ginkgo Biloba and Screening of Flavonoid-Producing Strains,” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019, vol. 371, no. 4, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/371/4/042052.
Z. Tang et al., “Isolation and identification of flavonoid-producing endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Conyza blinii H.Lév that exhibit higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities,” PeerJ, vol. 2020, no. 4, 2020, doi: 10.7717/peerj.8978.
Z. Zheng, S. Chai, J. Chen, H. Yang, J. Chang, and G. Yang, “Isolation and identification of flavonoid-producing endophytic fungi from Loranthus tanakae Franch. & Sav that exhibit antioxidant and antibacterial activities,” J. Appl. Microbiol., vol. 133, no. 3, 2022, doi: 10.1111/jam.15696.
M. Octaviani, W. Y. Ameliah, N. Frimayanti, M. Djohari, and H. Fadhli, “Isolation of Endophytic Fungus from Leaves of Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr and Antibacterial Activity Against Propionibacterium acnes and Escherichia coli,” Borneo J. Pharm., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 279–287, 2022, doi: 10.33084/bjop.v5i3.3692.
U. S. Hastuti, S. Sulisetijono, C. Thoyibah, S. H. Pratiwi, and K. Khotimah, “ Histological Observation, Identification, and Secondary Metabolites Content in Endophytic Fungi of Mahogany Tree (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq ) ,” Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Biol. Sci. (ICBS 2021), vol. 22, no. Icbs 2021, pp. 156–164, 2022, doi: 10.2991/absr.k.220406.024.
M. Rani, S. Jaglan, V. Beniwal, and V. Chhokar, “Bioactive saponin profiling of endophytic fungi from Asparagus racemosus,” Nat. Prod. Res., 2022, doi: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2156997.
P. B. Lalthanpuii, Zarzokimi, and K. Lalchhandama, “Some pharmacognostic studies of the cogon grass Imperata cylindrica from Mizoram, India,” Sci. Vis., vol. 18, no. 3, 2018, doi: 10.33493/scivis.18.03.03.
S. STikole, D. Tarate, and P. Shelar, “Endophytic Micro-Organisms as Emerging Trend of Secondaary Metabolite,” Int. J. Pharma Sci. Res., vol. 9, no. 12, 2018.
Prithviraj Karak, “Biological Activities of Flavonoids: an Overview,” Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. , vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1567–1574, 2019, doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.10(4).1567-74.
A. Ullah et al., “Important flavonoids and their role as a therapeutic agent,” Molecules, vol. 25, no. 22. 2020, doi: 10.3390/molecules25225243.
L. Khandokar, M. S. Bari, V. Seidel, and M. A. Haque, “Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and toxicological profile of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC.: A review,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 278. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114313.
I. I. Tatli Cankaya and E. I. Somuncuoglu, “Potential and Prophylactic Use of Plants Containing Saponin-Type Compounds as Antibiofilm Agents against Respiratory Tract Infections,” Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2021. 2021, doi: 10.1155/2021/6814215.
S. M. Astari, A. Rialita, and M. Mahyarudin, “Aktivitas Antibakteri Isolat Bakteri Endofit Tanaman Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus,” J. Fitofarmaka Indones., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 9–16, 2021, doi: 10.33096/jffi.v8i2.644.
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